例句與造句

1. It is the main purpose of this paper to calculate the energy splitting of ground state and excited states induced by thermally assisted quantum tunneling . first , a brief introduction is given for the theoretical and experimental studies on the magnetic macroscopic quantum effects . then , spin tunneling in a uniaxial ferromagnetic particle in transverse magnetic field is converted to a pseudoparticle moving in effective double - well potential with the help of the effective potential description of quantum spin systems developed by ulyanov and zaslavskii . finally using the periodic instanton method we evaluate the transition amplitude , energy shift and prefactor of wkb exponential and the energy splitting of ground state and the tunneling rate for excited states induced by thermally assisted quantum tunneling are obtained
   文章首先對磁性宏觀量子效應(yīng)的理論和實驗方面作了簡單介紹，然后借助于ulyanov和zaslavskii發(fā)展的一種等效勢描述方法，把外磁場沿難磁化軸方向時的自旋隧穿約化成在等效雙勢阱中運動的粒子，利用瞬子方法給出基態(tài)能級劈裂，最后利用周期瞬子方法分別計算了隧穿幅、能級移動以及wkb前因子，從而給出由于熱助量子隧穿引起的激發(fā)態(tài)的隧穿率。
2. It's difficult to find transition amplitude in a sentence. 用transition amplitude造句挺難的